![]() Vegetation in the area is dominated by Gambel’s oak ( Quercus gambelii), bigtooth maple ( Acer grandidentatum), bitterbrush ( Purshia tridentata), and sagebrush ( Artemisia spp.). Woodland Hills is located at the southern end of the Wasatch Mountain range at an elevation of 1615 m. hemionus), which was removed for depredation purposes from Woodland Hills, Utah, USA (40☀0 ′ N 111☃8 ′ W, Figure 2). In addition, a short-read based assembly for O. hemionus sitkensis has been published in the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) database (Bioproject PRJNA476345) however, it is low in contiguity and includes a small number of expected universal single-copy orthologs (Table 1).Ī tongue biopsy was collected within 2 hours postmortem from a single female mule deer ( O. h. However, this assembly was based on low-coverage short-read sequencing (Illumina) and was assembled using a reference-based approach, limiting identification of large structural variants. published the first draft whole genome sequence assembly and a species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel specifically for mule deer. However, limited genomic resources are available for Odocoileus spp. and include primarily various microsatellite loci and molecular resources gleaned from the bovine genome. Ĭharacteristics such as large population size, diversity of habitat and capacity for long-distance dispersal make mule deer a good candidate species for genomic study. This is probably caused by large population sizes and the frequency of long-distance dispersal by individual deer maintaining gene flow among populations. While the two types are well-supported by morphological and DNA evidence, little divergence has been observed among the subspecies within each type. hemionus, fulginatus, californicus, inyoensis, eremicus, crooki, peninsulae, sheldoni, and cerrosensis) and black-tailed deer ( O.h. Eleven subspecies of mule deer have been recognized, but these are grouped into two morphologically distinct types: mule deer ( O. h. ![]() They belong to the Cervidae family, one of the most speciose families in the mammal suborder Ruminantia. Mule deer can be found in boreal forests, high- and low-elevation desert shrublands, subalpine forests, woodlands, prairies, and various other habitats, with subspecies and types frequently inhabiting different habitats. The mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus NCBI: txid9872) is a mid-sized ruminant (50–90 kg Figure 1), ranging from the Yukon Territory in Canada to central Mexico. We expect this assembly to be a valuable resource in the continued study and conservation of mule deer. We also provide a genome annotation and compare demographic histories of the mule deer and white-tailed deer using the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent model. Here, we sequence and assemble the mule deer genome into a highly contiguous chromosome-length assembly for use in future research using long-read sequencing and Hi-C technologies. ![]() Their large population size, continuous distribution, and diversity of habitat make mule deer excellent candidates for population genomics studies however, few genomic resources are currently available for this species. ![]() A clearer understanding of the mule deer genome can improve our knowledge of its population genetics, movements, and demographic history, aiding in conservation efforts. Mule deer are an essential source of food for many predators, are relatively abundant, and commonly make broad migration movements. The mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) is an ungulate species that is distributed in a range from western Canada to central Mexico.
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